ABOUT US
NADES TEAM
NADES Design Team is a pioneer in innovative solutions for development, production and application of NADES.
NADES offers innovative solutions for NADES production and application development
The NADES team is gathered from Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformation at THE FACULTY OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB and led by Professor IVANA RADOJČIĆ REDOVNIKOVIĆ. For the last few years, our research team, in collaboration with colleagues from several other scientific institutions, is dedicated to preparation, characterization, and implementation of NADES in food technology, biotechnology, and chemical technology. In that time, we have published MORE THAN 20 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS on this subject, whereby FIVE of them are highly cited papers, the TOP 1% IN THE ACADEMIC FIELD.
NADES team
Prof. IVANA RADOJČIĆ REDOVNIKOVIĆ
Asst. prof. MARINA CVJETKO BUBALO
Asocc. prof. KRISTINA RADOŠEVIĆ
MANUELA PANIĆ, PhD
MIA RADOVIĆ, MSc
MARTINA BAGOVIĆ, MSc
ANJA DAMJANOVIĆ, MSc
Gained knowledge and experience in this field encourage us to advise and offer NADES service, which provides all in one preparation and characterization of NADES. Also, we offer support for the development of eco-friendly technologies using NADES. Together with customers we can jointly develop completely new products and help them to bring it to market, using our NADES and profound know-how.
NADES
CONCEPT
Designing new, environmentally-friendly, and tuneable solvents have been dramatically expanding in popularity in order to overcome the flaws of organic solvents from technological, environmental and economic aspects.
NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS (NADES), as a new generation of novel alternative solvents, fully meet GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES principles.
Structurally, NADES are mixture of at least two natural, inexpensive, non-toxic and easily available metabolites (e.g. choline chloride, amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and alcohols) which are able to self-associate to form a new eutectic phase characterized by a melting point (below 100°C) lower than that of each individual component.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF NADES ARE FOLLOWING:
The NADES physicochemical properties are a function of their composition, what makes them HIGHLY VERSATILE and EASILY TUNEABLE SOLVENTS, meaning that by changing forming compounds and their molar ratios is possible to design an optimal NADES for certain application.
NADES
APPLICATION
The choice of a solvent in certain process not only depends on its chemical, and physical properties, but also on its environmental impact (e.g. ecotoxicity and biodegradability), sustainability (possibility of recycle and reuse) and process safety (e.g. flammability and volatility). Therefore, interest for potential application of NADESs as solvents and/or supporting medium in different processes has increased significantly, due to their UNIQUE PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, and LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
One of the major attractions of making NADES an alternative to conventional organic solvents lies in the fact that the number of structural combinations encompassed by these solvents is tremendous, thus it is POSSIBLE TO DESIGN AN OPTIMAL ONE for each specific application.
SINCE THE NUMBER OF POSSIBLE CHEMICAL
STRUCTURES OF THESE SOLVENTS IS VAST
NADES ARE VERY INTERESTING FOR USE IN:
LIST OF NADES
PRODUCTS
ChCit | Choline chloride:citric acid |
ChEG | Choline chloride:ethylene glycol |
ChFru | Choline chloride:fructose |
ChGlc | Choline chloride:glucose |
ChGly | Choline chloride:glycerol |
ChMa | Choline chloride:malic acid |
ChMal | Choline chloride:maltose |
ChOx | Choline chloride:oxalic acid |
ChProMa | Choline chloride:proline:malic acid |
ChScu | Choline chloride:sucrose |
ChSol | Choline chloride:sorbose |
ChSor | Choline chloride:sorbitol |
ChU | Choline chloride:urea |
ChUEG | Choline chloride:urea:ethylene glycol |
ChUGly | Choline chloride:urea:glycerol |
ChXyl | Choline chloride:xylose |
ChXyol | Choline chloride:xylitol |
MaFruGly | Malic acid:fructose:glycerol |
MaGlc | Malic acid:glucose |
MaGlcGly | Malic acid:glucose:glycerol |
MaScu | Malic acid:sucrose |
MaSorGly | Malic acid:sorbose:glycerol |
ProMa | Proline:malic acid |
BCit | Betaine:citric acid |
BMa | Betaine:malic acid |
BMaGlc | Betaine:malic acid:glucose |
BMaPro | Betaine:malic acid: proline |
ChCit | Choline chloride:citric acid |
ChMa | Choline chloride:malic acid |
ChMal | Choline chloride:maltose |
ChProMa | Choline chloride:proline:malic acid |
CitFru | Citric acid:fructose |
CitFruGly | Citric acid:fructose:glycerol |
CitGlc | Citric acid:glucose |
CitGlcGly | Citric acid:glucose:glycerol |
CitScu | Citric acid:sacharose |
BGly | Betaine:glycerol |
BOaGly | Betaine:oxalic acid:glycerol |
BScu | Betaine:sucrose |
FruEG | Fructose:ethylene glycol |
GlcEG | Glucose:ethylene glycol |
GlcFru | Glucose:Fructose |
GlyGlc | Glycerol:glucose |
GlySol | Glycerol:sorbitol |
MaFru | Malic acid:fructose |
ScuEG | Sucrose:ethylene glycol |
SolEG | Sorbitol:ethylene glycol |
XylEG | Xylose:ethylene glycol |
BMaGlc | Betaine:malic acid:glucose |
BMaPro | Betaine:malic acid:proline |
BOaGly | Betaine:oxalic acid:glycerol |
ChUEG | Cholinechloride:urea:ethylene glycol |
ChUGly | Cholinechloride:urea:glycerol |
CitFruGly | Citric acid:fructose:glycerol |
CitGlcGly | Citric acid:glucose:glycerol |
FruGlcU | Fructose:glucose:urea |
GlcFruEG | Glucose:fructose:ethylene glycol |
MaFruGly | Malic acid:fructose:glycerol |
MaGlcGly | Malic acid:glucose:glycerol |
MaSorGly | Malic acid:sorbose:glycerol |
ProFruGly | Proline:fructose:glycerol |
ProGlcGly | Proline:glucose:glycerol |
ScuGlcFru | Sucrose:glucose:fructose |
ScuGlcU | Sucrose:glucose:urea |
Me:Cam | Menthol:camphor |
Me:EU | Menthol:eucalyptol |
Me:C8 | Menthol:octanoic (caprylic) acid |
Me:C10 | Menthol: decanoic (capric) acid |
Me:C18:2 | Menthol: linoleic acid |
Me:Ty | Menthol:thymol |
Ty:C8 | Thymol:octanoic (caprylic) acid |
Ty:C10 | Thymol: decanoic (capric) acid |
Ty:Cou | Thymol: coumarin |
Choline chloride based NADES
ChCit | Choline chloride:citric acid |
ChEG | Choline chloride:ethylene glycol |
ChFru | Choline chloride:fructose |
ChGlc | Choline chloride:glucose |
ChGly | Choline chloride:glycerol |
ChMa | Choline chloride:malic acid |
ChMal | Choline chloride:maltose |
ChOx | Choline chloride:oxalic acid |
ChProMa | Choline chloride:proline:malic acid |
ChScu | Choline chloride:sucrose |
ChSol | Choline chloride:sorbose |
ChSor | Choline chloride:sorbitol |
ChU | Choline chloride:urea |
ChUEG | Choline chloride:urea:ethylene glycol |
ChUGly | Choline chloride:urea:glycerol |
ChXyl | Choline chloride:xylose |
ChXyol | Choline chloride:xylitol |
NADES containing organic acid
MaFruGly | Malic acid:fructose:glycerol |
MaGlc | Malic acid:glucose |
MaGlcGly | Malic acid:glucose:glycerol |
MaScu | Malic acid:sucrose |
MaSorGly | Malic acid:sorbose:glycerol |
ProMa | Proline:malic acid |
BCit | Betaine:citric acid |
BMa | Betaine:malic acid |
BMaGlc | Betaine:malic acid:glucose |
BMaPro | Betaine:malic acid: proline |
ChCit | Choline chloride:citric acid |
ChMa | Choline chloride:malic acid |
ChMal | Choline chloride:maltose |
ChProMa | Choline chloride:proline:malic acid |
CitFru | Citric acid:fructose |
CitFruGly | Citric acid:fructose:glycerol |
CitGlc | Citric acid:glucose |
CitGlcGly | Citric acid:glucose:glycerol |
CitScu | Citric acid:sacharose |
Choline chloride free NADES
BGly | Betaine:glycerol |
BOaGly | Betaine:oxalic acid:glycerol |
BScu | Betaine:sucrose |
FruEG | Fructose:ethylene glycol |
GlcEG | Glucose:ethylene glycol |
GlcFru | Glucose:Fructose |
GlyGlc | Glycerol:glucose |
GlySol | Glycerol:sorbitol |
MaFru | Malic acid:fructose |
ScuEG | Sucrose:ethylene glycol |
SolEG | Sorbitol:ethylene glycol |
XylEG | Xylose:ethylene glycol |
Three components NADES
BMaGlc | Betaine:malic acid:glucose |
BMaPro | Betaine:malic acid:proline |
BOaGly | Betaine:oxalic acid: glycerol |
ChUEG | Cholinechloride:urea: ethylene glycol |
ChUGly | Cholinechloride:urea: glycerol |
CitFruGly | Citric acid:fructose: glycerol |
CitGlcGly | Citric acid:glucose: glycerol |
FruGlcU | Fructose:glucose:urea |
GlcFruEG | Glucose:fructose: ethylene glycol |
MaFruGly | Malic acid:fructose: glycerol |
MaGlcGly | Malic acid:glucose: glycerol |
MaSorGly | Malic acid:sorbose: glycerol |
ProFruGly | Proline:fructose: glycerol |
ProGlcGly | Proline:glucose: glycerol |
ScuGlcFru | Sucrose:glucose: fructose |
ScuGlcU | Sucrose:glucose:urea |
Since NADES are DESIGNER SOLVENTS, it is possible to prepare a specific one for particular purpose, however, sometimes is difficult to predict which mixtures and in which molar ratios will originate as a NADES and also which solvent properties crucial will be exerted. Therefore, the composition of NADES and their physical, thermal, chemical or biological properties should be characterized on case by case scenario i.e. can be customer-made.
With our analytical equipment, which is specifically designed for the analysis of NADES, we are able to determine a variety of physicochemical parameters of NADES including water content, viscosity, polarity, pH values, conductivity as well as ecotoxicology. Furthermore, we have the ability to determine very specific parameters via our broad cooperation network.
Development of eco-friendly methods by using NADES
NADESign enables the implementation of innovative technologies which emerged from the combination of NADES, application expertise and technical realization. We offer our customers the opportunity to jointly develop completely new products and bring them to the market, using NADES and profound know-how.
In order to design efficient method by using NADES, further step should be included:
Natural Bioactive Compounds Extraction
Possibility to use NADES as an extraction solvent for various metabolites, DNA, PROTEINS, CELLULOSE, LIGNIN and many other natural compounds has been demonstrated. Solubility for some of those molecules increased for several orders of magnitude in NADES when compared to organic solvents, what proves that extraction of natural molecules with NADES has lot of potential. Higher solubility in these solvents is explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between compounds of interest and solvent components.
Main benefits of application of as a solvent for extraction of natural compounds are:
Life sciences
We are taught that all biochemical processes in cells take place in water or in lipid. But the fact is that many compounds found in cells are neither water soluble nor lipid soluble. That lead to a hypothesis that there might be a third medium in cells. It has been proposed that this alternative medium could be composed of solids which in certain molar ratios become a liquid (NADES). Based on that, importance of NADES in the THERAPEUTIC, BIOTECHNOLOGICAL and MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY areas is forecasted.
Main benefits of application of NADES in life sciences are:
BioCatalysis
Biocatalytic reactions are traditionally carried out in various solvents to bring reactants and (bio)catalysts together to deliver mass, heat, and momentum, whrebythese solvents areaccountable for a large part of generated waste and pollutionIn (bio)catalytic processes NADES can serve as SOLVENT/CO-SOLVENT, as EXTRACTIVE REAGENT for an enzymatic product and PRETREATMENT SOLVENT of enzymatic biomass.
The unique properties NADES makes them almost ideal solvents for reactions catalyzed by isolated enzymes or whole-cells through:
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